In today’s world, the problem of herbicide resistance is plaguing more and more growers. In particular, the popularity of genetically modified crops and the abuse of some biocidal herbicides in some areas have made this problem more and more prominent; The number of practitioners is decreasing and the aging is becoming more serious, and the requirements of the growers for saving labor and labor are becoming more and more prominent. It is under this background that flumioxazin has emerged, becoming one of the herbicides with the fastest growth in global sales in recent years. Fluoxanil is an N-phenylphthalimide herbicide listed by Sumitomo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. of Japan in 1993. It is mainly used to control gramineous weeds and broad grasses on crops such as soybeans, sugarcane, and cotton. Leaf weed. According to data from Phillips McDougall, the global sales of this product in 2018 were 380 million U.S. dollars, ranking 12th in global herbicides. Sales increased by about 2 times compared with five years ago and by about 5 times compared with ten years ago.
Flumioxazin
Data shows that the current global demand for the product's original medicine is close to 2,000 tons. It is expected that as more and more companies at home and abroad begin to promote the product, the global demand is expected to double in the next five years. After the product was first marketed in Japan by Sumitomo Chemical in 1993, it has gradually launched global sales. Fluoxetin is now available in Brazil, the United States, China, France, Canada, Thailand, Mexico, Chile, Japan, Australia, Germany, Czech Republic, Uruguay, Argentina, Russia, Hungary, Romania, Spain, South Africa, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Many countries such as South Korea have obtained registration. In the process of its global commercialization, the compound products of flumioxazin and other products have gradually become popular. The main products used for compounding are: glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate, pendimethalin, diuron , Thifensulfuron-methyl, Chlorimuron-methyl, Sulfonepyrazole and so on.
Brazil is the most important market for flumioxazin, accounting for approximately 28% of its global sales (Phillips McDougall, 2016 data), followed by the United States and China. Soybean is the largest application crop of flumioxazin, with sales of 100 million US dollars in 2016, accounting for 28.5% of the total market. Sugarcane and cotton ranked second and third, with sales of 28 million U.S. dollars and 25 million U.S. dollars, accounting for 8.1% and 7.0% of the global market, respectively. Fluoxanil is the largest product among "other PPO inhibitor herbicides". Both its sales in 2016 and the compound annual growth rate from 2011 to 2016 rank among the "other PPO inhibitors" "Herbicide" in the first place.
Advantages of flumioxazin
So, compared with the existing herbicides, what are the advantages of flumioxazin? By consulting domestic and foreign literature, the author found that it has the following characteristics:
1. The effect is quick, and the control lasts for a long time: it takes effect 2 days after the medication, and it can be used for more than 50 days after one shot. Compared with most herbicides for sealing, the use of flumioxazin can achieve the effect of once and twice, saving labor and effort.
2. Vicious weed killer: It can effectively control many difficult-to-prevent malignant weeds, such as Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea, Amaranthus vulgaris, Amaranthus vulgaris, Solanum vulgare, Sprout, quinoa, etc. This product has become a sharp weapon to solve the malignant weeds in soybean, cotton, and sugarcane fields in the United States and Brazil, and it has also become one of the few products that can well solve the malignant weeds in cotton fields in China.
3. The best companion for biocidal herbicides: it can be used in conjunction with glyphosate or glufosinate to expand the weed-killing spectrum, increase the weed-killing speed, improve the low-temperature effect, and extend the duration of efficacy. Fluoxanil is one of the first herbicides to enter the original Monsanto Roundup Ready Plus program to tackle glyphosate-resistant weeds. In Japan, a mixture of flumioxazin and glufosinate-ammonium has been used to control orchard weeds. The Institute of Plant Protection of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences was commissioned by Sumitomo Chemical of Japan to conduct field trials on the control effects of flumioxazin and glyphosate on weeds in citrus orchards in Sichuan Province from April to July 2006. The results showed that the control effect on weeds in citrus orchards was good, and the weeds showed severe phytotoxicity symptoms 2 days after the application, and the effect was good.
In addition to the above three advantages, flumioxazin has many advantages, such as: low dosage, 3.5-7 grams per mu; wide application of crops, such as soybeans, peanuts, cotton, sunflower, sugarcane, vegetables, orchards, etc.; safe rotation High sex, the subsequent crops can choose to grow crops such as corn, wheat, barley, sorghum, alfalfa and even sugar beet.
Domestic registration is increasing, and registered crops are gradually diversifying
According to ICAMA's registration data (click to view the domestic registration status), the number of registrations of flumipropin has increased in the past two years, and the varieties of single-dose products and compound preparations are more abundant than before. At present, a total of 19 companies have registered 99.2% of the technical products of flumipropin. Three companies have registered 50% of the wettable powder of flumioxazin. The products of two domestic companies are mainly used to control annual weeds in peanut fields, while the products of Sumitomo Chemical can be used in soybean fields, peanut fields and citrus orchards. Three companies have registered 51% of flumioxazin water dispersible granules to control annual weeds in soybean fields. One company registered 480 g/L of flumioxazin suspension to control annual weeds in soybean fields.
In terms of compound formulations, in addition to the wettable powder compound products of fluoxazin, glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium (both used for the control of weeds in non-arable land), there are also Anhui Xifengshou Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. and Shandong Kesaijinong Biotechnology Co., Ltd. respectively registered 34% of flumioxamide and pendimethalin EC for controlling annual weeds in cotton fields, and 73% of Shandong Kesaikinong Biotechnology Co., Ltd. registration Fluoxachlor and acetochlor EC is used to control annual weeds in soybean fields.
When reviewing the literature, the author found that in addition to the registered compound products, researchers are also trying to conduct research on the compounding of flumiacet and other products. For example, Shandong Kangqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. once applied for a patent for a herbicidal composition of diuron and flumipropin. According to the description, the herbicidal composition has a significant synergistic effect and improves the persistence of each component as a single agent. , It obviously delays the occurrence of weed resistance, reduces the number of repeated use of pesticides, reduces the amount of pesticides used, and reduces agricultural costs. The herbicidal composition is safe for crops and is easily degraded in the environment after the effective period, which improves the composition’s resistance to The safety of the next crop is of great significance to ecological protection.
The nemesis of vicious weeds, both efficacy and price
Fluoxanil can be used in soybeans, peanuts, cotton, garlic and other crops to close and control common annual broad-leaved weeds and some gramineous weeds, such as amaranthus retroflexus, amaranthus amaranthus, quinoa, nightshade, purslane, Commelina communis, rice-wrapped grass, glutinous rice intestines, etc., especially for malignant/resistant weeds such as red-rooted amaranth (resistant retro-branched amaranth) in soybean fields in Northeast China and solanum in Xinjiang cotton fields.
Solanum is a more serious resistant weed that occurs in cotton fields in Xinjiang, and it is difficult to control with general chemicals. Fluoxan is very effective in controlling solanum and some glyphosate-resistant weeds. However, in April this year in northern Xinjiang Extremely high temperature and very little rainfall occurred in the middle and late ten days, and the amount of dripping water was generally too large. This year, some cotton fields have dripped seedling water three times, and propyne has the characteristics of leaching, causing seedling death in some areas. From the perspective of recent cotton fields, the phytotoxicity of flumioxazin has generally recovered. Compared with the phytotoxicity of promethazine, oxyfluorfen and pendimethalin, the phytotoxicity of flumioxazin occurs faster and slower. Also the fastest. In order to speed up the elimination of phytotoxicity in cotton fields, cotton farmers generally spray amino acids, brassinolide, S-induction, amino oligosaccharides or polysaccharide products twice, which instead promotes cotton fields to flourish. Due to the special climatic environment and the large-scale use of hormone products, the probability of occurrence of pests and diseases will increase in the future, and the management requirements of cotton fields will also increase accordingly.
51% flumipropin WG has pre-emergence sealing treatment activity and post-emergence stem and leaf treatment activity. After treating the soil layer as a closed herbicide, the medicament is absorbed by the soil particles, forming a treatment layer on the surface of the soil particles. After the weeds germinate, the young shoots die after contacting the medicament treatment layer; as a stem and leaf treatment herbicide, the medicament passes through the target weed After absorption of the stems and leaves of the target weeds, the stems and leaves of the target weeds quickly dry and die.
51% flumioxazin WG can also be used as a herbicide for post-emergence stem and leaf treatment, mixed with glufosinate, glyphosate and other sterilizing herbicides for sterilization and weeding, which can significantly improve the killing of glufosinate and glyphosate. Grass speed, expand its weed-killing spectrum, improve its low temperature tolerance performance, and enhance the control effect against some malignant/resistant weeds, such as purslane, iron amaranth, gooseweed, etc.
A few years ago, this original drug was dominated by multinational companies and almost no domestic manufacturers produced it, so the price was very high, and it was still an aristocratic product to consumers. But at present, the process of localization of the original drug product is developing rapidly. Through the search, 19 domestic companies have obtained the original drug registration certificate, including listed companies such as Lier Chemical Co., Ltd. and Shandong Xianda Agrochemical Co., Ltd. Among them, Lier Chemical issued an announcement in 2018 that it plans to invest 350 million yuan to build a new 1,000-ton production capacity, which is now in operation.
At this stage, the price per ton of flumioxazin technical drug has entered within 400,000 tons, although the price per ton of the original drug is higher than competing products such as oxyfluorfen, sulfentrazone and other protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors. The herbicides are relatively high, but the amount of active ingredients per mu is only 1/2 to 1/3 of that of oxyfluorfen, and 1/5 to 1/6 of that of sulfentrazone. From the point of view of the cost per unit area of the effective ingredients, the cost-effective advantage of flumipropin is already very obvious, but in the development of application technology formulations, enterprises still need to conduct in-depth research and implement policies in accordance with local conditions.